Ukrainian Folklore Essays - Ukrainian Studies, Ukrainian Dance

Ukrainian Folklore Reasons for Ukrainian-American Folklore The moderately huge Ukrainian people group in the United States has numerous conventions and customs, a large portion of which come from a sentiment of Ukrainian patriotism. As Ukraine was being overwhelmed by Russia, Ukrainians were moving by the thousands to the US. Ukrainians moving to the new world were deserting a vanishing society and moving to a totally extraordinary land. Workers were pleased with their legacy, and huge numbers of the customs that were begun in America exist to protect this legacy and to give it to people in the future. The Ukrainian Boy Scouting program is one such convention. Ukrainians in America began this program in the mid 1900's to prepare their young to come back to Ukraine and drive the Russians out. This started as protection from Russian standard over Ukraine. All young men and young ladies take part in this discontinuously consistently, beginning at age seven and proceeding forever. Ukrainian Boy Scouts is altogether different from the run of the mill American perspective on Boy Scouts, in that it includes a progressively thorough wild preparing program. This is on the grounds that the program was basically begun as a military preparing program, and in spite of the fact that it exists now just for no particular reason and custom, a large number of the subjects and thoughts instructed to the young people continue as before. Individuals who are engaged with the program put their kids through it, as an endeavor to save Ukrainian culture. At the point when Ukrainians turn eighteen they becom e advisors, and at age thirty-five they become seniors and run the program. This program, alongside a bunch of comparable projects, was begun for different reasons. In any case, Ukrainian young people experienced difficulty changing in accordance with American culture. They (Ukrainian youth programs) are assisting with tackling a portion of the social issues of the ?second era' that doesn't appear to have the option to discover its way into American culture or doesn't feel comfortable there. Ukrainian adolescents were strange in America with no feeling of character, and these projects made the alteration less troublesome. These projects additionally serve to keep up youth enthusiasm for Ukrainian legacy. The grown-ups are puzzled at the lack of interest of the American-conceived youth to such commendable foundations (Ukrainian-American associations). The adolescent projects include American-conceived Ukrainians at a youthful age, safeguarding that they will grow up to protect Ukrainian legacy and culture. A third purpose behind these projects is that, at the hour of their creation, the Ukrainian people group in America was isolated into two gatherings. One of them spoke to autonomous Ukrainian patriotism and the other, being invigorated by assets from Russia, was genius Russian. The patriot bunch was liable for these projects. Notwithstanding different capacities, they began these projects to rival the master Russian group and guarantee the endurance of Ukrainian culture. These projects exist today to guarantee the eventual fate of Ukrainian culture, basically serving a similar capacity it generally has. The Red Flower is a customary Ukrainian tune. It likewise originates from Ukraine's history with Russia, and in spite of the fact that it is sung in Ukrainian, The melody goes as follows in English: Down in the valley A bloom shriveled What's more, our sacrosanct nation Went to ruins The bloom in the melody is an allegory for Ukraine, and when Russia assumed responsibility for Ukraine, the blossom withered. This is a dismal tune, which is sung at genuine social affairs, for example, burial services or church. It is likewise sung frequently during the Boy Scouts preparing, to show the youthful to sing it. Obviously this tune fills in as a wellspring of patriotism, on the grounds that the words help the individuals who hear it to remember Ukraine's dismal past. The melody additionally helps Ukrainians to remember why it is critical to safeguard their way of life, to reestablish Ukraine to brilliance. The Hopak is a conventional Ukrainian move, which is performed as often as possible by Ukrainians in America. Pariahs regularly allude it to as the Russian Dance, yet it is really a Ukrainian move. The artist is a man wearing calfskin boots, baggy red silk pants, and a white shirt with hued weaving down the center. His hair is shaved to the scalp with the exception of a little hover on the highest point of his head, where the hair is about a large portion of a foot long. He hunches down low, and kicks his feet out with his body upstanding and his arms collapsed.

The Spiritual Experiment free essay sample

I am deciding to expound on the video that was in plain view at the neighborhood workmanship museum.That bit of craftsmanship truly opened up my mind.I think I watched it at any rate multiple times, and each opportunity I thought of an alternate significance to the video. The first occasion when I saw this video I thought it was as dreadful as awakening to seeing a gatecrasher in the night. There was dreadful music playing all through the entire clasp that seemed like music from an awfulness movie.The video begins with a young lady simply playing with squares, and inside only fifteen seconds her face begins changing into a sight that can't be concealed. This scene sent chills running up my spine, for it appears to be devilish. This video might just likely greaterly affect me than it would on the vast majority. We will compose a custom article test on The Spiritual Experiment or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I have persevered through an awful involvement in what seemed, by all accounts, to be an apparition when I was roughly thirteen years of age.I can imagine this experience as though it had happened yesterday.I had taken a couple melatonin pills because of the way that I wasn’t tired by any means, and that took me out beautiful rapidly.The next thing I recall is awakening at 2:30 toward the beginning of the day, just to see a black out figure of a little young lady remaining in my doorway.I in a flash shut my eyes for a couple of moments, trusting that I was simply observing things because of the conceivable reactions of the melatonin I had taken.I revived my eyes to see that the figure hadn’t moved. I was frozen, and couldn’t move carefully out of fright.As I was all the while taking a gander at the little young lady in my entryway, it had immediately disappeared from reality.The young lady that I may have seen that night looked alarmingly like the young lady in t he video. Next, I see a young lady who is part into equal parts vertically and reflected.Each side of her body is replicating precisely the same developments as the inverse side.Next, this young lady gets the squares, raises her arms, and drops the squares, which came tumbling down like dice.I deciphered this as whatever otherworldly methodology that was going to go down, would have been a bet. When the film proceeds onward from the young lady, it at that point changes to two young ladies who have all the earmarks of being twins.These two young ladies are identical.They appear to have a similar feeling and they have fundamentally the same as facial expressions.Next, the young ladies plunk down and are offered squares to play with.I think the squares are a type of insight test, for they are doing an investigation on these girls.The twins appeared to get tried like rodents in a lab.I by and by feel building squares test innovativeness as opposed to knowledge.By making a decision about the estate of which the twins were stacking the squares, they appeared as dead as a fish out of water.That causes me to feel some compassion toward the young ladies, since almost certainly, they didn't chip in for this examination. In the following piece of the video there is a lady demonstrating the palms of her hands.She at that point focuses in and shows the camera her palms again.This part baffled me.I feel this is a sign somebody may use to show that they intend no damage. For this situation, it might imply that the profound investigation is harmless.It makes me wonder if the phantom that I had seen likewise intended no damage, considering everything she did was remain in my entryway and rapidly evaporate once she saw I was frightened.Shortly after the moving of the sleeves, there is a vertical slide show of a couple of hands. The main development of hands seemed to resemble a cerebrum that is prepared for dissection.This sounds good to me since they will need to modify the girls’ minds in the experiment.The next arrangement of hands resembled a couple of legs that are open.I believe that was representing the giving of birth to another territory in science. This video had a great deal of importance to it.Other individuals may have deciphered it uniquely in contrast to I did.Some individuals may state the video had no significance by any stretch of the imagination. As Confucius once stated, â€Å"Life is extremely basic, yet we demand making it complicated.†

Facts about MIT, Princeton University, and USC College Essay Advisors

Facts about MIT, Princeton University, and USC College Essay Advisors Facts about MIT, Princeton University, and USC Facts about MIT, Princeton University, and USC Weve updated our handy dandy supplemental essay guide with prompt breakdowns for MIT, Princeton University, and USC.  But before you familiarize yourself with our prompt breakdowns, you should get a little more acquainted with the schools youre considering dedicating your life to for the next four years! After all, four years is equivalent to 20% of the life youve lived thus far. Here are some important facts for you to know: Some enlightening MIT facts: The top industries for graduates are computer software, engineering, consulting, and finance. Top employers were Google, Oracle, Amazon, McKinsey Accenture, Apple, Boeing, and Microsoft. MITs  33 varsity sports teams  make it the largest Division III program in the nation. The  Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus  consists of 168 acres along and across the Charles River from Boston. MITs motto is Mens et Manus, which means Mind and Hand. MITs  mascot is the beaver, natures engineer. MIT was founded on April 10, 1861, two days before the start of the Civil War. MIT’s official colors are Cardinal Red and Silver Gray. Some fun Princeton University facts: 98% of undergraduate students live on campus. There are over 400 international internship opportunities. Princeton University sits on 500 acres of land. 2 Alumni members have served as President of the United States Princeton is roughly 50 miles from New York City, about an hour and ten minutes via car. Athletes have won 204 national championships. Princeton University has 42 doctoral programs and departments. The Ivy League boasts an impressive 5:1 student to faculty ratio. Some awesome USC facts: Las year, 16.6% of 54,282 freshman applicants were admitted. The University of Southern California began educating students when Los Angeles still lacked paved streets, electric lights, and telephones. USC has programs and centers in Orange County, Washington, D.C., Catalina Island, Sacramento, and Alhambra. The average unweighted GPA for incoming freshman is 3.75. 24.1% of undergraduates are International students. More than half of USC alumni live in California. Undergraduate tuition was  $51,442   last year. USC’s is home to the United States first filmmaking program, the Department of Cinema. You can hear the Trojan Marching Band performing in Fleetwood Macs song, Tusk, which was recorded in 1979. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Want more tips and tricks? Give College Essay Academy a try. WATCH CHAPTER 1 FOR FREE »

A Career as a Pharmacist Essay - 2000 Words

The flow of the medical community is dependent on every person employed there. The harmony it creates does not only come from the doctors or nurses, but the janitors, surgeons, receptionists, and even the pharmacists. Each job is necessary in order for the hospitals to function properly; for instance, the doctors diagnose the patient with their illness, prescribe them medication to cure it, and send them to the pharmacist, who then gives them their medication and sends them home. However, some jobs are overlooked more than others and do not receive the proper credit, like the pharmacist. Pharmacists are recognized for dispensing and sorting drugs, but their jobs help educate patients over their prescription and uphold the†¦show more content†¦This career goes unnoticed because many do not see the importance of it. Without this field, the balance in the medical community would be disrupted due to patients not receiving their medication to sustain their life. Although this car eer may seem easy, there are important characteristics one must hold in order to be a successful pharmacist. The characteristics to become a pharmacist cannot be learned in college, it must be emphasized throughout the adolescent years. Some important features one needs to focus on are memorization, organization, being meticulous, and have a strong understanding of math and science. In the article â€Å"Top Skills You Need to be a Pharmacist†, the author states, â€Å"Before the pharmacist fills the prescription, they need to remember everything they learned [†¦]. Pharmacists must know about hundreds of drugs — from their generic and brand names to their side effects and possible drug interactions† (Hart). Memorization is essential in order to be successful in this industry and is difficult to do. The organization skills of a future pharmacist must be top-notch because this field is based on it; medications need to be categorized by name, dosage amount, and amount of pills. Paying close attention to details is necessary as well because if there isShow MoreRelated Career Report - Pharmacist and Physician Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Report - Pharmacist and Physician Over the past few weeks I have been researching my interests, values, and goals. Throughout this research a lot of things that were already evident to me, were proven for a fact. My interests included researching different aspects of science and data analysis. Analysis has always been a big part of my life because I analyze everything. My values have been proven to be centered toward helping people and being around people. These interests andRead MoreWhy I Want Pursue A Career1744 Words   |  7 Pagesmany reasons as to why I want to pursue a career in pharmacy. For one, I have three cousins who has a career in the medical field and are very successful right now. Another reason is because of my aunt and uncle. They have made me realize that being either a doctor or pharmacist is a very good career to pursue because I can be a role model to their kids and that would want them to pursue a similar career. Basically I’ve been convinced to go for a career in the medical f ield throughout my whole lifeRead MoreHc Careers Diagram and Summary Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesHealth Care Careers Diagram and Summary Plaridel B. Quileza HCS 531 - Health Care Organizations and Delivery Systems November 12, 2012 Doreen Gounaris Health Care Careers Diagram and Summary In the delivery of healthcare every member of the healthcare team plays important role in ensuring that the most appropriate care is provided to the patient to the best of their expert capabilities. The role of a pharmacist is critical in delivering quality healthcare. The article â€Å"What Pharmacist Do?† byRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Personality Survey996 Words   |  4 Pagesresearcher for my career the Myers Briggs personality matched some careers that caught my attention such as becoming a Pharmacist, Physician, and lawyer. The one that I AM interesting in is Pharmacy . Their natural about this career consist of viewing prescription to assure accuracy. Pharmacists fill prescriptions based on the information and dosage provided by the doctor. Pharmacists must ensure that the dosage is correct for the patient and his condition. In addition, pharmacists fill non-prescriptionRead MorePharmacy Essay775 Words   |  4 Pageswanting to be a pharmacist in the simplest way. My journey to becoming a pharmacists consist of why I selected pharmacy as a career, future goals, and my backgrounds that will help me achieve the goals that I set for myself. I came into college knowing that I wanted to work in the medical field, but without really knowing what profession I wanted to pursue. There were many reasons why I wanted to pursue a career in the medical field which eventually led to pursuing a pharmacy career. One reason wasRead MoreA Brief Note On Retail And Independent Ownership1625 Words   |  7 Pageshave to work weekends, they normally have a very flexible schedule. In retail, the pharmacist is required to stand on their feet for long periods of time and deal with rude customers. The work is very repetitive, so this may become boring after some time. This position usually requires working nights and/or weekends. This is a very competitive position because it is the most common route to take for pharmacists. Although this would not be a preference, I could see myself working in retail. I reallyRead MoreWhy Pharmacy Is A Chemistry And Biology1097 Words   |  5 Pagesgood oral and written communication skills. I would enjoy a career in pharmacy because it combines the two subjects that I enjoy most: chemistry and biology. This profession would also give me the opportunity to help other people every day. Pharmacy does require several years of schooling, however, in the long run it pays off very well. Out of all the health professions available, pharmacy interests me the most. Job description: Pharmacists do much more than simply fill prescriptions. They can adviseRead MoreBackbone Of The Medical Industry1135 Words   |  5 PagesBackbone of the Medical Industry 1. There is no better feeling than getting to help someone else, and I want a career that will allow me to do that. I think a career in pharmacy will allow me an opportunity to help others, as well as, being able to help my whole community since pharmacy is the backbone of the medical industry. I want to know that I’m involved in a career where I feel like I’m doing my part to keep my family and community happy, safe, and healthy. Pharmacy will make me a niceRead MoreA Study On The Pharmacy Course943 Words   |  4 PagesWrite about 1000 words to describe your own progress so far in your journey towards becoming a pharmacist? From the first day I started the pharmacy course, I have learnt a lot valuable knowledge and this has led to my understanding of what a pharmacist does in a pharmacy to change on several occasions. Also, as important I have learnt the roles of the other pharmacy staff that a pharmacist may come in contact with on a day to day basis, learning about these different professions is extremely importantRead MoreThe Role Of A Pharmacist Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Today in the 21st century the roles of pharmacist have expanded tremendously. Before pharmacist had the role of solely dispensing drugs. Pharmacists were limited to only being regulatory or clinical pharmacist. Back then they were called medical purveyors who were much like today’s regulatory pharmacist and hospital pharmacist who are similar to hospital pharmacist. Now pharmacists carry many roles in healthcare. Pharmacist can play roles in public health, community, health systems

Road to Redemption - 1823 Words

Road to Redemption â€Å"There is a way to be good again† (2) is not only a relapsed statement in Khaled Hosseini’s first novel, The Kite Runner, but also a reoccurring theme in his second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns. Through the comparison of his two novels, the characters ultimately struggle to find their personal road to redemption. The protagonist of The Kite Runner, Amir returns to Afghanistan to redeem himself of a memory that has been haunting him for the past twenty-six years by saving his half-nephew, Sohrab. In A Thousand Splendid Suns, Mariams endeavors to be redeemed are achieved through self-sacrifice - and having a reason to die for. Throughout the course of each of the characters’ lives, their ultimate goal is deliverance†¦show more content†¦(38) Her reason was to allow for Aziza and Laila to have a safe life to live – which ultimately redeemed Mariam before she died. A predominant theme that shows throughout both novels is hope specifically through hardships and oppression. Unfortunately, hope is just as easily taken away as it is given. Characters tend to have high hopes, and they are easily shattered. When Sohrab is saved from being Assef’s sex slave, he is reluctant to trusting Amir. However, to gain his trust, Amir promised Sohrab that he would never send him to an orphanage again. Sohrab began to adjust to Amir. However, due to circumstances, Amir told Sohrab he might have to go to an orphanage for a little while. When he finally puts trust into Amir, he is quickly betrayed. Which led to Sohrab’s attempt in suicide. Amir, at that moment, had not felt true redemption because he felt like he betrayed Sohrab. He would have to work hard to gain Sohrab’s trust again. It would not be until they got back to America that Amir would get a mere smile from Sohrab. As a child, Mariam had high hopes in her dad. In essence, she contributed in her mother’s death due to the fact that her dad was too arrogant to be seen in public with his harami: bastard daughter. He made her feel like she was a disgrace to the family which was also how she viewed herself. When Mariam is leaving Herat to move to Kabul with Rasheed, her last words to her fatherShow MoreRelatedThe Road Not Taken, Shawshank Redemption, Slumdog Millionaire, the Kite Runner2458 Words   |  10 Pagesconnections look at how certain choices can affect your life forever. The texts that I used to convey this link were The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Slumdog Millionaire directed by Danny Boyle, The Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabont and a poem by Robert Frost called The Road Not Taken. Throughout the texts used we learn that you cannot always see the outcome of a particular choice unless you choose to go down that path. An important decision is made by the main charac ter(s) in eachRead MoreFree Will And Redemption In The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex are free will and redemption. The author of each book shows how redemption is a major aspect in both stories by leading up to what each character did of their free will and showing the significance of how vile their mistakes were. Although the two authors thought the way to redemption was pain, the pain was very different in each book. In Oedipus rex, Oedipus took responsibility immediately and thought his redemption could only be fulfilled by exile and piercing hisRead MoreEssay on The Cost of Redemption in the Lord of the Rings 1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cost of Redemption in the Lord of the Rings The struggle between good and evil is an ever present theme of the Lord of the Rings trilogy. The struggle exists in all of Middle-earth, as the followers of Sauron wage war against the realms of free men and their allies, as well as in individual characters. Boromir, a tragic hero of Tolkien’s work has essentially good qualities marred by his corrupt desires for power and the Ring. The character of Gollum has an on-going internal struggle betweenRead MoreThe Narrow Road To The Deep North And The Railway Man Analysis1381 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the contexts of the Narrow Road to the Deep North and The Railway Man as both were set in the same era, many of the same issues arise around the subject of post-traumatic stress disorder and grief. Through the war, and the hardships soldiers faced, it was hard to return home, with the unknown expectation of isolation and seclusion, particularly in thoughts and feelings. As friends and families who stayed at home and did not experien ce the war, empathy was often difficult, and opinions and experiencesRead MoreFlannery OConnor1591 Words   |  7 Pagesas a final offering of atonement, O’Connor depicts a road to salvation through the unlikeliest of representations. This trend becomes apparent as one can identify the path to penance made by the protagonist in such stories as â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find†, â€Å"The Life You Save May Be Your Own†, and â€Å"Good Country People†. The imagery is generally comedic and grotesque, which expresses the notion that God works in mysterious ways. Although redemption may be proffered, the protagonists are sometimes keptRead MoreThe Kite Runner - Amir s Redemption1323 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner – Amir’s Redemption We all make mistakes, but it is how we make up for those mistakes that will decide the kind of person we will become. The Kite Runner novel was written by Khaled Hosseini about a boy who also grew up in Afghanistan just like the author. The novel opens during a peaceful time in Kabul and tells the story of Amir and his friend and servant, Hassan. It tells us about Amir looking for approval from his father, Baba, the ethnic tensions in Afghanistan and the eventsRead MoreThe Road Interpretation Of The Ending1308 Words   |  6 PagesThe Road Interpretation of the ending The road written by Cormac Mccarthy; one of the most praised contemporary novels. The road tells the story of a man and a boy traveling in a post apocalyptic world. â€Å"Nights dark beyond darkness and the days more gray each one than what had gone before. Like the onset of some cold glaucoma dimming away the world†(Mccarthy1). The world is now filled with ash and inhabited by cannibals and bandits. The boy and man’s goal is to get to the south as they think it’llRead MoreIn Rescuing Sohrab, Amir Could Find Redmeption for Both Baba and Himself. Do You Agree?699 Words   |  3 PagesThrough the course of the novel, the quest for redemption remains a key motive for both Amir and Baba. In rescuing Sohrab, this quest is near completion, but in fact will never be entire in the case of Baba, having taken the truth about his betrayal with him to his grave. With the rescue of Sohrab from the clutches of the tyrannical Assef, Amir does find close to redemption, but not for his father, only himself. True redemption is when one atones for his own sins; Baba will remain restless in hisRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1583 Words   |  7 Pages Denise Baltazar Professor McKennon English100 B 23 November 2015 Sin and Redemption â€Å"Come. There is a way to be good again,† Rahim Khan said to Amir. In the novel the Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Amir, the main character, shares his thoughts and actions due to his poor decisions. The problems he encountered were all because of the sin committed in his youth. His sins taunted the beginning of his life and gave him a troublesome memory full of guilt. As the novel continued, Amir attemptedRead MoreKite Runner Redemption964 Words   |  4 PagesRoad to Amir’s Redemption In a lifetime, everyone will face personal battles and guilt, some large and some small. Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. People find peace of mind through redeeming themselves, in other words, we do something that makes up for the cause of guilt. Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner revolves around betrayal and redemption. Redemption is the act of saying or being saved from sin, error or evil, which the

Constitutionalism vs Absolutism Free Essays

Constitutionalism vs Absolutism In the following paragraphs I’m going to explain what constitutionalism is, and how it differs from absolutism. Constitutionalism is the way a state or country governs it’s people based off of laws set forth to protect the people’s rights and liberties. These laws are called constitutions, for example the Constitution of the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutionalism vs Absolutism or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are two types of constitutional governments, republican and monarchy. Within a constitutional republic the sovereign is elected by the people to govern according to the constitutional laws. Constitutional monarchy is almost the same, except a king or queen rules according to the constitutional laws, but is given some political authority. As with constitutional republic a constitutional monarchy’s powers rest in the electorates. The best example of constitutionalism is John Locke’s Second Treatise of Government. He states, â€Å"liberty to follow one’s own will in anything that isn’t forbidden by the rule, and not to be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, arbitrary will of another man. † (John Locke) The difference between constitutionalism and absolutism is that the king or sovereign is believed to be ordained by God. There are no rules or regulations for the sovereign to run his state. This gives him the ultimate power to rule over his subjects as he sees fit. No one can challenge his authority because his word is God’s word, to question the king, would be questioning God, and this would be considered treason. (Mike Cox) The infamous Louis XIV, other wise known as the â€Å"Sun King†, governed by this mentality. He has been heard saying, â€Å"I am the State! You also have Thomas Hobbe’s Leviathan, which goes on to describe how people need an absolute ruler to keep the peace and discourage civil war. To conclude, I have given you a descriptive explanation on constitutionalism, and described how it differs from absolutism. As you see it is a matter of how much power a sovereign has over his people, and how much power the people have over him. http://www. ea rlymoderntexts. com/pdf/lockseco. pdf http://www. sparknotes. com/philosophy/hobbes/themes. html A History of Western Society Vol II How to cite Constitutionalism vs Absolutism, Papers

Geography Essays Analysis Essay Example

Geography Essays Analysis Essay Briefly answer the question asked: Why do similar kinds of hazards have deferent Impacts in deferent places? Talk about the risk vulnerability quadrant. Talk about the risk equation and how it will link to the question. Pl : Point: Economic situation of the country affected by the disaster Lots of money = better health cares to treat affected people. Little money = little spent to rebuild, plan, prepare, predict hazards so Impact Is greater. Explain: If they have more money than they can spend it on rebuilding the Infrastructure and making It more resistant o future disasters. They could spend more money on forecast equipment to make sure that the natural hazard doesnt become a disaster. Evidence: Central California (2003) have High risk and high security compared to Bam, Iran (2003) who have High risk and low security. UP: Point: Population Density lots of people strain on emergency services and other facilities leading to more losses. Sparsely populated areas have too few people for the hazard to be noted as a disaster. Less impact on a world wide scale. Explain: If here are a lot of people in the area that the disaster has struck then more people are going to be injured or killed therefore more stress is on the emergency services therefore more death. It is also going to be worldwide if more people died and so more countries will need to be involved in aiding the country to ensure that minimal damage was caused. Evidence: Japan 2011 and Haiti 2010 Point: The period in time in which the hazard occurred. For example a volcanic eruption now would be less severe than an eruption of the same power that occurred many decades before hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Essays Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Essays Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Geography Essays Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is because advances in technology have allowed us to plan and predict hazards in a much more effective way Explain: Before technology was developed humans could not predict when hazards could come and how severe they will be so in the past the hazards were a surprise to people and so did not have enough time to evacuate therefore there were more injuries and deaths. Evidence: China 1 976 8. 3 magnitude dead, Chili 2014 8. 2 magnitude 6 dead. Conclusion: Overall Leeds are more affected In similar kinds of hazards compared to Medics. Expand Essay plan for hazards in geography By libs Briefly answer the question asked: Why do similar kinds of hazards have different impacts in different places? Talk about the risk vulnerability quadrant. Plan, prepare, predict hazards so impact is greater. Explain: If they have more money than they can spend it on rebuilding the infrastructure and making it more resistant Point: Population Density lots of people = strain on emergency services and other China 1976 8. 3 magnitude dead, Chili 2014 8. 2 magnitude 6 dead. Overall Leads are more affected in similar kinds of hazards compared to Medics.

The eNotes Blog How to Understand Shakespeares Language

How to Understand Shakespeares Language Admit it: reading Shakespeare is not your cup of tea. At first, trying to read Shakespeares works may seem like learning a foreign language. Performed for audiences over four centuries ago, Shakespeares plays were written in Early Modern English, so it’s natural to feel confused by word choices and sentence structures that have evolved since then. However, the more you expose yourself to Shakespeare’s language, the more comfortable you’ll feel when reading his works.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Let’s take a look at 10 reading strategies that will help you better understand the Bard’s language.    1. Read out loud. It’s important to note that Shakespeare’s works were intended for the stage. His plays were written to be performed, not silently read. Reading Shakespeare’s work aloud will help you become familiar with the rhythm and language of his verse. It’s also helpful to watch performances and listen to how other people perform his work, because you may pick up on something you missed from your own readings. 2. Read to the end of the sentence. When reading verse, you should read from punctuation mark to punctuation mark. This means you shouldnt pause at the end of a line just because theres a break. Punctuation marks dictate complete units of thought. Take a short pause in your reading when you encounter a comma. Take a long pause for a period, colon, semicolon, dash, or question mark. 3. Look up unfamiliar words. Shakespeare invented many of his own words and phrases. In fact, he added about 1,700 words to the English language by invention or combination. However, many of the words used throughout his work are not used in today’s colloquial language. Reading from an annotated text can help readers bridge the gap between Shakespeare’s language and their own. In these digital texts, obscure phrases are annotated with an explanation of their origins and meanings.    4. Differentiate Thou, Thee, Thy, and Thine. Shakespeare uses these words a lot. They are considered â€Å"archaic words†, which means they’re no longer used in contemporary English. Thou means â€Å"you,† thee means â€Å"you,† and thy means â€Å"your†. Since these words are so ubiquitous, it’s crucial to know the difference between them in order to know who or what they’re referring to in the text. 5. Understand contracted words. Contracted words are words in which a letter has been left out, which affects appearance and pronunciation like dot or knowst. Shakespeare often used contracted words in order to fit his meter and rhyme scheme. If you see that apostrophe mark, it almost always means a letter is missing. So, if you’re having difficulties understanding what a contracted word, you can often use context clues to determine the meaning. 6. Reword inverted sentences. Most of the sentences we’re familiar with will start with a subject followed by a verb. Shakespeare’s sentences sometimes do not follow this simple word order. Therefore, rewording Shakespeare’s sentences to place the subject first may help you gain a better understanding of what is being stated. For example: â€Å"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d[.]†(5-6) â€Å"Sonnet 18† We can rearrange the sentence above to the following: â€Å"Sometimes the eye of heaven shines too hot, and his gold complexion is often dimmed.† 7.   Follow the action Sometimes its hard to keep track of who does what to whom. Focus on keeping track of the subject, verb, and object. In Shakespeare’s longer dialogues and soliloquies, it can get confusing to follow who is doing what, especially when there are lengthy descriptions and parenthetical comments. It may be helpful to take a couple of breaks during your reading and make notes of the scene. 8. Identify wordplay. Shakespeare loved to reconstruct and rearrange words. Be sure to look out for instances where he uses specific wordplay to illustrate the landscape of a scene or to enhance a character’s identity.    Here are some different types of wordplay often found in Shakespeare’s work: Puns: a play on words in which two words are used that have the same sound but have different meanings. Double entendre: a kind of pun in which a word or phrase has a second, often sexual, meaning. Malapropism: occurs when a character mistakenly uses a word that he or she has confused with another word.  Ã‚   9. Recognize the use of metaphor. Shakespeare often used metaphors to heighten the emotional and dramatic aspects of his dialogue. In order to identify specific examples of these literary devices, you must understand how they are used. For example: When Romeo crashes the Capulet family party in act 1, scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet, he uses both a metaphor and allusion when describing Juliet’s beauty. â€Å"It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiopes ear (I.v). Romeo uses a metaphor, specifically a simile, to describe Juliet’s appearance to that of a â€Å"rich jewel† hanging on the ear of an African queen. 10. Note stage direction Stage directions should never be overlooked. They are extremely important to understanding Shakespeare’s plays because avoiding them can result in confusion when reading. They appear in italics, explaining who is involved with a scene and where they are on the stage. Here are some of the common stage directions used throughout Shakespeares plays: Aside: when an actor speaks directly to the audience, but the other characters on stage cannot hear them    Exeunt: indicate the departure of a character from the stage Sennett: a signal call on a trumpet or cornet to for entrance or exit from the stage Solus: when a character is alone on the stage    For a more in-depth review on Shakespeare reading strategies with specific examples, visit How To Series.

Plutons, Defined and Explained

Plutons, Defined and Explained A pluton (pronounced PLOO-tonn) is a deep-seated intrusion of igneous rock, a body that made its way into pre-existing rocks in a melted form (magma) several kilometers underground in the Earths crust and then solidified. At that depth, the magma cooled and crystallized very slowly, allowing the mineral grains to grow large and tightly interlocked - typical of plutonic rocks.   Shallower intrusions may be called subvolcanic or hypabyssal intrusions. There are a slew of partial synonyms based on a plutons size and shape, including batholith, diapir, intrusion, laccolith, and stock.   How Pluton Becomes Visible A pluton exposed at the Earths surface has had its overlying rock removed by erosion. It may represent the deep part of a magma chamber that once fed magma to a long-vanished volcano, like Ship Rock in northwestern New Mexico. It may also represent a magma chamber that never reached the surface, like Stone Mountain  in  Georgia.  The only true way to tell the difference is by mapping and analyzing the details of the rocks that are exposed along with the geology of the surrounding area. The Various Types of Plutons Pluton is a general term that covers the whole variety of shapes taken by bodies of magma. That is, plutons are defined by the presence of plutonic rocks. Narrow sheets of magma that form sills and igneous dikes may qualify as plutons if the rock inside them solidified at depth. Other plutons have fatter shapes that have a roof and a floor. This can be easy to see in a pluton that was tilted so that erosion could cut through it at an angle. Otherwise, it may take geophysical techniques to map the plutons three-dimensional shape. A blister-shaped pluton that raised the overlying rocks into a dome may be called a laccolith. A mushroom-shaped pluton may be called a lopolith, and a cylindrical one may be called a bysmalith. These have a conduit of some sort that fed magma into them, usually called a feeder dike (if its flat) or a stock (if its round). There used to be a whole set of names for other pluton shapes, but they arent really much use and have been abandoned. In 1953, Charles B. Hunt made fun of these in USGS Professional Paper 228 by proposing the name cactolith for a cactus-shaped pluton: A cactolith is a quasihorizontal chonolith composed of anastomosing ductoliths whose distal ends curl like a harpolith, thin like a sphenolith, or bulge discordantly like an akmolith or ethmolith. Who said geologists couldnt be funny?   Then there are plutons that have no floor, or at least no evidence of one. Bottomless plutons like these are called stocks if they are smaller than 100 square kilometers in extent, and batholiths if theyre larger.  In the United States, the Idaho, Sierra Nevada, and Peninsular batholiths are the largest. How Plutons Form The formation and fate of plutons is an important, long-standing scientific problem. Magma is less dense than rock and tends to rise as buoyant bodies. Geophysicists call such bodies diapirs (DYE-a-peers); salt domes are another example. Plutons may readily melt their way upward in the lower crust, but they have a hard time reaching the surface through the cold, strong upper crust. It appears that they need help from regional tectonics that pulls the crust apart- the same thing that favors volcanoes at the surface. Thus plutons, and especially batholiths, go along with subduction zones that create arc volcanism. For a few days in 2006, the International Astronomical Union considered giving the name plutons to large bodies in the outer part of the solar system, apparently thinking that it would signify Pluto-like objects. They also considered the term plutinos. The Geological Society of America, among other critics of the proposal, sent a quick protest, and a few days later the IAU decided on its epochal definition of dwarf planet that banished Pluto from the register of planets. (See What Is a Planet?) Edited by Brooks Mitchell

Keeler v. Superior Court, 2 Cal 3D 619 (1970) Research Paper

Keeler v. Superior Court, 2 Cal 3D 619 (1970) - Research Paper Example He insisted, upon viewing her pregnant form, the he would â€Å"stomp it out of you†, then pushing her against the car and driving his knee sharply into her abdomen (New York State Bar Association, 2010, p.623). After striking his wife in the face several times, she eventually fainted. Upon awaking, Robert Keeler had left the scene of the crime. Her first move was to return to Stockton where she approached the police, who summoned medical assistance. She was discovered to have significant facial injuries and extensive bruises on her abdomen (loislaw.com, 2010). Upon the advice of medical practitioners, a C-section was performed in which the fetus was discovered to have a fractured skull and was delivered stillborn. Under Penal Code  § 187, Robert Keeler was charged with murder as it was determined that the damage caused to the fetus could only have been sustained through external force. The Supreme Court of Amador County ruled that Robert Keeler could not be held on murder charges or convicted of the crime. The judge in the case cited Penal Code 187 that provides â€Å"murder is the unlawful killing of a human being, with malice afterthought† (loislaw.com, 2010, p.2). At this time, in 1970, most of the laws pertaining to murder and identifying what constitutes a human being was related to very old common law from the 1850s. There were no precedents set that clearly indicated fetus rights and such rights in relation to classification as a human being. This common law involved protections for individuals who had been born alive, and Teresa Keeler’s child had been stillborn. The judge had no legal viability by which to uphold murder charges. The judge further ruled that citing other relevant laws other than those spelled out in Penal Code 187 would deny Mr. Keeler due process afforded him by law (loislaw.com). Though Robert Keeler’s domestic assault charges were upheld, there were absolutely no

Illustrate and discuss with examples the law of diminishing returns Essay

Illustrate and discuss with examples the law of diminishing returns - Essay Example Cannan (1981) says that while the great British economist Malthus has been given a large part of the credit for discovering this law, it was Turgot who actually considered it in its application to the field of agriculture. Turgot writes that: â€Å"Where ordinary good cultivation prevails, the annual advances bring in 250 to the hundred, it is more than probable that if the advances were increased by degrees from this point up to that at which they would bring in nothing, each increment would be less and less fruitful (Cannan, 1981, Pg. 74)†. The law of diminishing returns was likened by Turgot to a spring which is forced to stretch due to the load of weights on it. As more and more weights are added to the spring, the relative extension starts decreasing until there comes a point where no further extension can be made to the spring (Cannan, 1981). The ideas given by Turgot can be simplified by using his own agricultural example but giving it a more modern complexion. For instance, given that we know that x amount of seed in one hectare of land would produce 3y of crop, we could assume that doubling the amount of seed would produce 2(3y) of crop i.e. 6y, if everything else remains the same. However, once the amount of seed is doubled, the output crop may not be exactly double and we could end up with a crop which is equal to 4y or 5y. If the amount of seed was further increased to 3x the returning crop amount could be 4.5 y or even less. In this manner, the marginal return from each additional unit of seed would become lesser and lesser until the marginal result would become close to zero. Even though it was Turgot who suggested the ideas behind this law of economics, Malthus popularized the concept with his Essay on the Principle of Population which was published in 1798 and discussed many different economic concepts (Cannan,

Biography On Anton Van Leeuwenhoek History Essay

Biography On Anton Van Leeuwenhoek History Essay Human life is abundant of the deepest perspective towards the minutest aspects. Some of these are the result of our instinctive origination while the remainders owe their majority to Anton Van Leeuwenhoek, the man to whom the world looked as the individual who grafted the preference for minuscule details into our conscience. For those who are privy of his whereabouts, need no mentioning, and for those who are oblivious, it would be just to say that todays Microbiology would be an impossibility if it has not been accounted to his contributions. Born in a Dutch family based in Deft, Leeuwenhoek grew up to walk in the dual steps of a tradesman and scientist, who was best designated as The Father of Microbiology. He was also considered as the first microbiologist, and through his indulgence in the improvement of the microscope, he ensured a proper establishment of Microbiology as an essential cog of science. Because of his valiant hardship, we have been able to savor ourselves through some exceptional microbiological technologies that hold prominence in both educational and medicinal applications. Animacules or microorganisms, as we refer to them today was the term that he coined to those single-celled organisms that he first observed and described using his handcrafted microscopes. Leeuwenhoek was also the first to document minuscule examination of muscle fibers, bacteria, spermatozoa, and most essential, the flow of blood in capillaries. If put concisely then Leeuwenhoek was one of those rare contributors, in the dearth of whom we would be still breathing in medieval period. THE BEGINNING The history subscribed to one of the most influential phenomena when Anton Van Leeuwenhoek was born on Oct. 24, 1632, in a decent Dutch family that was based in Delft, a modest town of the nation of Netherlands. His father was a basket-maker, while his mother belonged to a family of brewers. His parents, who seemed to be quite conservative in their approach preferred to further his education informally. His subjects comprised of mathematics and physical science, but languages missed the companionship of his educational endeavors, and this probably explains Dutch being his only lingual acquaintance. Despite of the decency of his familial background, Leeuwenhoek had to leave his education in between and at the callous age of 16, he was sent to Amsterdam, to become an apprentice at a linendrapers shop. There, he familiarized himself with the peculiar aspects of the profession and employed six years of his invaluable youth in gaining its expertise. However, soon his craving for the innovativeness dimmed the light of his apprenticeship, and he left his prevalent profession to search for what truly inspired his desires. Around 1654, Leeuwenhoek registered his return to the hometown of Delft and in an auspicious event, he communed himself in a marital relationship with Barbara De May. She bore him five children. The bond of marriage brought mandatory responsibilities on Vans shoulders and for its proper execution; he bought a house and a shop and established himself in the business as a draper. For the substantial number of years linen draping seemed to be the only profession that fortified his indulgence in any commercial prospect to an extent that at one point it appeared that the draper would be his social attire for the rest of his life, which could have introduced a drastic paragraph in the pages of the history. Then, in the year of 1660, he was appointed Chamberlin to the sheriffs of Delft. It was a post that he held for about thirty-nine years. For the next thirteen years the identity of Chamberlin elucidated Leeuwenhoeks professional front and the rest of his activities were concealed by the obliviousness. However, he must have developed the habit of grinding lenses to employ them in the construction of simple microscope. The event that solidified the existence of his interest occurred in the year 1668 when he journeyed to England in the companionship of one of his microscopes. He used it to examine chalk from the cliffs of Kent. At that time, Leeuwenhoek lacked any sort of professionalism in the field of microscopy, and was unprepared to describe any logical conclusions. Vigilant observation, cautious documentation and the prevention of hasty conclusions were the essentials of his concept. His was a firm believer in the fact that each and every entity that dwells on this earth, be it living or non-living, is worth researching; it could be anything like a drop of rain, pepper-water, seeds, wooden bark, skin, open wounds and other bodily contributors, a beetle colliding against a window, or something as simple as an itch on his skin. He was equally allured by the hypothesis formulated by the likes of Jan Swammerdam, Christian Huygens, Boerhave and Harvey. Leeuwenhoek was the first to monitor the parasite Anisakis in the Hering. He also warned Hendrik about the worms in a fresh Hering, in a letter that he sent to him; he wrote: Wormkens in de holligheit van de buyk van de haring. Leeuwenhoek was also the foremost person to discover that the composition of a living cell accounts to 80% water, and was the discoverer of the technique of microdissections on insects. This procedure enabled him to become a recipient of remarkable outcomes that overshadowed the modern standards that were in fashion in that particular time. Leeuwenhoek should be credited with the foundation of forensic microscopy, and it was a sheer luck for us that despite of the lack of accepted professionalism, he believed in a thorough procedural observation, and only after the decisive verification, he published his findings. He examined everything, ranging from biological specimens to mineral objects. He even performed an experiment with the gunpowder compound and provided a valuable suggestion to the French chief-commander to shorten the barrel in order to approach maximum effect. Leeuwenhoek had a friendly and polite character, and he spoke with empathy and compassion about his fellow-men and ill people and visited them. His regular acquaintances were the lepers in a leper-hospital that was bricked in the city of Haarlem. However this account arose some contradictions, as it does not match to the view of some authors who consider him as the owner of ascetic character. FIRST RECOGNITION AND ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON Just like in a room draped in darkness, a brief speck of light is enough to enlighten an object of curiosity. The miniscule visual manifestation that Leeuwenhoek assembled from the sample of the chalk embarked his intellect, which in turn resulted in an autonomous gradation from curiosity to adamant passion. Soon, he devoted himself to the manufacturing of the microscopes and savored their aid in registering the detailed structure of the minute organisms, and it is a belief that the origination of his curiosity dated back to 1665 when he read Micrographia*, a brilliant work published by Robert Hooke. It is believed that it was this work that had probably stimulated his adamant interest in the world of minuscule. [*Note: It is a historical account documented by Robert Hooke that comprised of thirty-years long observation that he performed through various lenses. The book was published in the auspicious month of September 1665, which was the Royal Societys first key publication, and was the first scientific best-seller that inspired a wide public interest in the field of microscopy. It is also noteworthy for coining the biological jargon, cell.] Nurturing his interest like a gardener nurtures his plants, Leeuwenhoek dwelled deeper into the construction of microscopes, and it was during this period that he found the use of single lenses of very short focal length preferable than the compound microscopes that were processed back then; and the brilliance of the discoveries that he made using these back their reliabilities. Nonetheless, his resilience and austerity enhanced his observational skills and when the autumn applauded the arrival of the year 1673 through a progressive intensity, Vans attempts paid off via Regnier De Graff. Graaf, was a brilliant young physician of Delft, who accidentally acquainted himself with the discoveries made by Leeuwenhoek and in a favourable swirl of fate, his discoveries generated an immaculate impression on the former one to an extent that he wrote a letter about the latters works to Henry Oldenburg, Secretary of the Royal Society in London. This letter was published in  Philosophical Transactions,  and Oldenburg wrote to the author requesting further communications. Graafs initiative brought the microbiologist under Oldenburgs merger attention that in turn resulted in the former writing a letter to the Royal Society*. His first letter contained some observations on the stings of bees. However, he never wrote an authentic scientific paper. The explanation of his discoveries was a scramble of letters written in Low Dutch that sometimes were objectionable by some society members. [*Note: The Royal Society was an organization formed in 1662 under a royal charter granted by Charles II. Devoted to register fresh technological developments in the field of science, the societys aim was to facilitate the scientists in achieving their goals.] The initiators and perhaps the earliest members of the Royal Society who were also the designers of modern English Speculative Freemasonry, included prominent intellectuals from the invisible college as William Viscount Brouncker, Robert Moray, Robert Boyle, William Petty, John Wilkins, Christopher Wren, Robert Hooke, Elias, Ashmole and Isaac Newton. Although a direct evidence regarding to his early indulgence in the society is missing, the accumulation of the substantial number of clues indicate towards his lineage with a Vrijmetselaar or with the inspiration originating from Masonic attitudes. As it is believed that the superficiality certifies the outcome of ones intellectuality. Such occurred with Leeuwenhoek in the initial period of his relationship with the Royal Society. It was a probability that the organizational constitution of his papers would have biased the members minds who preferred a more mannered approach to the detailing. In a probable consequence, they challenged the existence of such minute organisms as his animalcules and waived the possibility of the authenticity of such idea. Leeuwenhoek, who attired generosity in the beginning, soon became wearied of it and he presented the society with the thorough account of his methodical approach in estimating their sizes through their diametrical comparison to the objects that fell under the direct measurable dimensions. Through the implication of rational computations, he predicted their volumes from their perceptible diameters. Through the illustrational cohesion of his subjects and the spherical and objects he simplified his explanation for the members to understand. He depicted the possibility of the existence of literally a million microbes in the volume that equals a grain of sand. By progressively comparing objects of decreasing size with one another, he proved for example that protozoan  cilia  are thousands-fold smaller than a human hair. Even though the successful exhibition of the protozoan cell, the society still attired doubt around itself, so it wrote a letter and wished its interest in renting his microscope for a span of few days. However, Leeuwenhoek, who until now had developed a inseparable adoration towards his instrument denied its handover, even if it was transitory in nature. The members were privy that until and unless a proper inspection would continue to facilitate its share of obliviousness, substantiation would not be possible. Therefore, in order to arrive to a judgement, they appointed two scientists- Nehemiah Grew and Robert Hooke to validate the credibility of his experiments. Credited with the new responsibility by the society, both the men initiated a serious attempt to corroborate Leeuwenhoeks observations. Their initial effort acquainted them to failure, which put his report under doubtful perspective. However, Hooke, who was adamant in his attitude, despite of the ambiguity, found a faint credibility in the microbiologists study. He again tried using a microscope with 330 X (power of magnification). The results that second trial generated, brought a smile on his face, and confirmed Leeuwenhoeks success. Both the scientists reported the resultant similarity in their observations and to those that Leeuwenhoek explained in his letters. The society, despite of its scepticism, accepted Leeuwenhoeks claims, and in the same year Graaf sent them a letter, they conveyed a delegation to Delft. Their words relayed reluctance and showed an inclination towards a forceful methodical acceptance, but their rave report confirmed Vans declaration. Just like in the morning, a drop of dew enhances the beauty of the leaf it perches; in the same way the remarkable authentication of the microbiologists claims generated immaculate allurement over substantial number of prominent figures around Europe, which included even the Future Queen Anne of England and Tsar Pytor I of Russia. They failed in keeping themselves away from witnessing the demonstration of his marvels. His fame soon ensured his undeviating place in the history of science and a few years later he was elected to full membership in the society. However, his attendance to the organizations meeting registered absence, and did his signature on the societys membership catalogue. Leeuwenhoeks correspondence with the Royal Society was initiated through a series of letters that he wrote in Dutch, which then were translated into English or Latin and included in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. They were often reprinted separately. His entire observations were explained in letters that numbered to at least two hundred. They were addressed either to the society or to his friends. Leeuwenhoeks letters comprised of random observations with little coherence that were written in an informal style. However, despite of the casualness that the description of his observations attired, he avoided the fusion of the facts with his speculations that could otherwise lead to confusion. His vigilance resulted in the effortless identification of numerous organisms that he described in his catalogue. To give some of the flavor of his discoveries, we present extracts from his observations, together with modern pictures of the organisms that Leeuwenhoek saw. An amusing facet to add in Antons life is that he considered his own artistic skills capable enough to execute the vital task of illustrating his findings. Therefore, for almost all the instances, he hired limners* to commence that short of work. [Note*: Originated illuminators, i.e. artists and engravers that we now know as illustrators or commercial artists.] LEEUWENHOEKS MICROSCOPES Just like a musician without his instruments or a painter without his brushes are mere statistical puppets in the pages of history, in the same way an introduction to Leeuwenhoek without mentioning the medium of his genius would be just like a pizza served without any toppings. The number and quality of Leeuwenhoeks mikroskoops (as they were known back then) and the ones that survived share ambiguous certainty. However, through a mutual agreement it can be said that he constructed at least several hundred of them, out of which about two hundred and fifty were complete. Amongst those most of them included a mounted specimen and also about two hundred mounted lenses. STRUCTURAL MAGNIFICANCE Leeuwenhoeks microscopes were simple magnifying glasses comprised of single spherical or biconvex lens that were mounted amidst two copper, brass or silver plates. The size of the plates matched the modern microscopic slides, i.e. about 1/3 inches. The object that was subjected to the examination was raised, lowered, or rotated by threaded screws attached to the plate. His device also included one of the first mechanical micromanipulation systems. However, Hooke had already accomplished this with a touch of differentiation. It was a possibility that Leeuwenhoek must have understood early that the shallow depth of field of strong microscopic lenses had ruled out focusing on microorganisms by hand. Like modern objective lenses, his lenses were extremely small with short focal lengths of 1-2 millimeters. There was requirement with the lenses; it was a need to consign them close to the eyes, and adequate practice and good eyesight were mandatory factors for their usage. The plates were c arved up to provide adequate grasp between the eyebrow and cheek like a jewellers monocle loupe. Following a standard scientific procedure, the plates were held in a horizontal position with the threaded stem used as a handle peeping away from the nose. Estimates of microscopes magnifying power vary from about 200 to 500 diameters, and if the higher number is true then he had achieved about a third or even a half of the highest magnification possible with visible light! The sizes of the objects that he mentioned in his reports and the finesse that attired the detailing of his drawings do bear out their astonishing optical precision and to Antons own skills as one of the very first microscopists in history. LENSES According to the numerous references in many accounts of Leeuwenhoeks work consider him as an inventor of microscopes. However, he did not invent his single-lens microscope. It is Robert Hookes Micrographia, which illustrates the conjectural benefit of using minimal possible number of lenses. Hooke also provided a detailed description of the process of the creation of small round lenses that involved the drawing and fusion of fine glass whiskers into tiny spheres. His technique included the fixing of multiple spheres to a sheet of wax for simultaneous pulverization and polishing of the attachment sites of the whiskers. His methodical approach reveals his practical experience in the construction of such lenses. He even explained the process of mounting a tiny single-lens on a needle-hole perforated through a thin metal plate, which was in exact resemblance with Van Leeuwenhoek microscope. Hooke presumed them to be the superior microscopes, but the annoying twirl of fate introduced him to a mordant outcome when the difficulty of their usage surfaced due to the need of holding them close to the eye. But as it is said that it is the lifes excruciating experiences that account to the learning of survival, such occurrence encouraged him to add an extra lens near the eye. This modification gave birth to the compound microscope and the lens is known as the eyepiece lens. Hookes indulgement with the microscope shows the possibility of Van Leeuwenhoek picking up his design from Hooke, and therefore an speculation can be drawn that the later one is better viewed as a discoverer rather than as an inventor. Even though we are to be believed, that Leeuwenhoek was the one who used to ground his lenses, but the fact is that its authenticity will always lurk behind ambiguity. His unvarying dissembling that an exceptional requirement of time, skill and effort were coherent ingredients of his construction method, is consistent with his common unwillingness to teach or encourage competitors. In the dearth of direct evidence, it can at least be speculated that he actually copied Hookes procedure and fabricated lenses by pulling and fusing spherical globules with smoother planes than he could ever have accomplished by grinding. Once, a German sojourner Zacharias Konrad Zetloch Von Uffenbach gave a long visit to Van Leeuwenhoek who chivalrously entertained him with countless wonders. However, instead of expressing his gratitude, the former one ungraciously wrote in memoir: When we further inquired of Herr Leeuwenhoek whether he ground all his lenses, and did not blow any? He denied this, but displayed great contempt for the blown glasses. He pointed out to us how thin his  microscopia were, compared with others  (This phrase seems to indicate that one man or the other had seen instruments of like construction that may have predated Antonjs own. ed.),  and how close together the  laminae  were between which the lens lay, so that no spherical glass could be thus mounted; all his lenses being ground, contrariwise, convex on both sides. As regards the blown glasses, Herr Leeuwenhoek assured us that he had succeeded, after ten years speculation, in learning how to blow a serviceable kind of glasses which were not round. My brother was unwilling to believe this, but took it for a  Dutch joke (a snide German euphemism for a lie ed.); since it is impossible, by blowing, to form anything but a sphere, or rounded end.   von Uffenbach, 1710. Despite of the nature of Uffenbachs excerpt, the inducement of too much effort of the individual grinding of each lens is undeniable in comparison to the ones that are fabricated in a span of one of two minutes via a spirit lamp and a blowpipe. In a sharp contrast to the modern method, which governs the usage of a single microscope and numerous disposable slides fixed placed on a fixed or moveable stage, Leeuwenhoek was in a habit of building a new microscope for separate captivating specimen. He considered the complete instruments as permanent settings for his choicest specimens, which is why it can be speculated that he might have built hundreds of them. Due the secrecy that Leeuwenhoek maintains in his methods, the predictability of his works always share ambiguity; for an example, it is still unclear that how he obtained the necessary illumination to achieve his remarkable results. Clifford Dobell suggested that he might have discovered some simple method of dark-ground illumination, whereas Barnett Cohen contradictorily stated that Van Leeuwenhoek might have exploited the optical properties of spherical drops of fluid containing the objects under observation. THE ARCHWAY OF A DISCOVERER Leeuwenhoek through his resilient genius gave the field of Microbiology numerous discoveries that provided the foothold of which it boasts today. His researches in the life history of the lower forms of animal life directly counteracted the accepted principle that they are a result of spontaneous regeneration or bred from corruption. He also showed that the weevils of granaries that in his times were commonly assumed to be bred from wheat, are grubs hatched from eggs deposited by winged insects. In his chapter on the flea, he not only provided a detailed description on his structure, but also traced out the whole history of its metamorphoses from its first emergence from the egg to the adulthood. Even today, if we perform a thorough observation of its growth process, we will find it extremely captivating. It is owed not so much for the precision of his observation, as for its incidental disclosure of the extraordinary unawareness that was in existence back then in regard to the origin and propagation of this minuscule and despised creature, which some affirmed to be generated from sand, others from dust, others from the dung of pigeon and others from urine, but which he demonstrated to be gifted with as great excellence in its kind as any large animal, and proved to breed in the regular way of winged insects. He even made the note of the fact that the pupa of the flea is sometimes attacked and fed upon by a mite. This very particular observation suggested the well-known lines of Jonathan Swift. Being drawn to the blighting of the young shoots of fruit trees that was generally attributed the ants found upon them, Leeuwenhoek was the first to find the Aphides, the ones responsible for the ailment. He then made a thorough investigation in the history of their generation and observed the young existing in the bodies of their parents. He also did a vigilant study of the history of the ant and was the first to reveal that the commonly supposed ant eggs are really their pupae, holding the perfect insect nearly ready for emersion, at the same time the true eggs are far smaller, and give origin to maggots or larvae. He also provided a detailed explanation of another fact that sea mussel and other shellfish are not generated out of the mud or sand found on the seashore or the beds of rivers at low water, but from spawn through the regular course of generation. This way he successfully counteracted to the defense of Aristotles doctrine put forward by F. Buonanni, a learned Jesuit of Rome. He maintained the same in proving the authenticity of the freshwater mussels origination. The observation that he did on their ova was so precise that he witnessed the rotation of the embryo, a phenomenon that is believed to share its part of revelation long afterwards. With an equal enthusiasm, he investigated the generation of eels, which at that time were commonly supposed to be produced from dew without the ordinary process of generation. It is a surprise that the individuals who were a believer in it did not only comprise of ignorant, but respectable and learned men too. He not only entertained himself as the first discoverer of the rotifers, but he depicted hoe wonderfully nature has provided for the preservation of their species, by their tolerance of the drying-up of the water they inhabit, and the resistance that they generated to the evaporation of the bodily fluids via the construction of an impermeable casing in which they then become enclosed. We can now easily conceive, he says, that in all rainwater which is collected from gutters in cisterns, and in all waters exposed to the air, animalcules may be found; for they may be carried thither by the particles of dust blown about by the winds. A REVELATION SO PROMINENT When the summer steeped on the first step of the seasonal staircase and the year registered itself under 1974, Leeuwenhoek, through the induction of his brilliance, made an important discovery that was going to prove one of the major beneficiaries to the medical field. He provided a description of red blood cells, which was done with so much precision that he outshined his contemporaries Marcello Malpighi and Jan Swammerdam. In a fair estimation he catalogued their size, in modern terminology, 8.5 microns in diameter, the correct value is 7.7 microns. Leeuwenhoek sent a folio of sic pages to the Royal Society, in which he wrote about the microscopy of blood, and the structure of bone, teeth, liver, and brain; and the growth of epidermis. He also delivered finely cut sections of his specimens enwrapped in four envelopes pasted to the last sheet of the letter. He prepared them by his own hands for the interest of the society. These samples present great insight into Leeuwenhoeks manual dexterity as a microtomist. However, his talent for sample preparation got erased from the historical leaflets, partially because his later discoveries were so much dazzling that they outshone everything else. The dependency of the precision of his observation was in a direct proportion to his meticulousness that was involved in the preparation of the slice of the sample. This reflects his infinitesimal patience. Many samples were successful in surviving for three-and-a-half centuries and are still viewable under the modern microscopes, but the others were ruined by fungal growth, due to moisture, and it is impossible to study them now. In the same year of 1674, he gave an immaculate description of the beautiful alga Spirogyra and various ciliated and flagellated protozoa that he discovered in a single vial of pond scum, which he had taken from the Berkelse Mere, a small lake near Delft. This occasion could be considered the simultaneous births of the fields of Microbiology, protozoology (now called protistology) and phycology. He also found that yeast consists of individual plant-like organisms. Eight years later in 1682, Leeuwenhoek gave a clarified description of the nucleus within the red blood cells of fish, and in the year that followed, he perceived the sedimentation of erythrocytes from a suspension and their lysis on the addition of water. In the same year, he discovered the lymphatic capillaries and mentioned them in the description of blood capillaries in the intestine. He explained them as different capillaries containing a white fluid, like milk. THE INGREDIENT OF PROSPERITY For the next couple of years Leeuwenhoek depicted negligible accomplishment in explaining anything that could lead to the extraordinary advancement of the science of his time. His observations concerning the circulatory system of transparent tadpoles were obsolete, which only strengthened the popular notion of him following Swammerdam, Hooke and other anatomists. A time came when it seemed the Van would become only a little better than an average anatomist. Then, fate took a favourable turn of the situation when in 1676 he shifted his focus on the objects that existed in the blind corner of the anatomists. They included; cheese-rind fungi, animal sperm, bile liquid from different species of animals, crystals formed in urine, exploding gun powder, plaque that he extracted from his teeth, melted snow and a few others. However, the turning point of his career and the one that can be related to the origination of biology occurred when he attempted to interpret black pepper, the spice that was the reason for numerous European merchants prosperity, and an invaluable ingredient to the Dutch painters still-life masterpieces. The cause of his curiosity was his want to understand the reason behind the sweltering hot sensation that it caused in the mouth. Thorny protrusions resembling the ones found in thistle or a nettle were the ones that touched his expectations. He presumed them as the entities that stung the tongue. However the revelation that the dry peppercorn provided when observed under his microscope, hardly matched his satisfaction. This led him to think that it is the combination with the saliva that initiates these thorns into action. Therefore, he drenched the peppercorns in sterile water, but when he looked at the soaked peppercorns, instead of burry edges, he saw miniscule entities swimming in the water. However, that thought of those things to be some animalcules didnt appear in his mind. The examination of many types of water has grafted in him a very good understanding of waters purity, depending on the source. He had used sterile water from melted snow and covered the dish tightly so that nothing could fly from the air in the room. A couple of days later when he observed the pepper-water under his lens, he mentioned the observation something like this, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the water is so thick with them, that you might almost imagine you were looking at the spawn of fish, when the fish discharges its roe. His comprehensive notes reveal that he witnessed the existence of bacilli in that water. His experimentation continued from the month of April to the August with pepper-water. He made a note of everything he did and saw. Once Leeuwenhoek was done with pepper, he shifted his attention on ginger, cloves and nutmeg. He soaked them and observed under his microscope, but not to unearth the reason of their taste, he wanted to compare their animalcules with those of pepper-water. From his meticulous description of his observation of the spice waters and other diverse natural waters, it becomes apparent that he saw flagellates, ciliates, bacteria and rotifers. Leeuwenhoeks 18th letter to the Royal Society is regarded as is most striking and immaculate account of description. It is also known as the letter on protozoa, it consists of seventeen pages of closely written text in a neat, small handwriting. A copy of the letter was also delivered to Constantijn Huygens, Christians father. It

It Is Important to Have a Realistic View of Life

People say that its important to have a realistic view of life. For most people, to not have a realistic view of life is to risk of failure to achieve ones goals and dreams. such people usually become more lonely or bitter. every so often, one person refuses to accept what others call a realistic view of life and instead insist on changing the world around them to fit the vision that they have in their head. People have the power to change the world for the better or worse, for good and evil. Bin Laden is a perfect example for this.Unfortunately he used violence and pain to try to force his view on others and not to convince them by superior thoughts. If people do not achieve their goals and dreams, they might be unhappy or unsatisfied for the rest of their lives. For example, a person who dreams of becoming a doctor, but never gets to medical school, she would probably be very disappointed. The same thing applies for any goals a person has in their life. For this reason, it is impor tant that people choose realistic goals that can be achieved.Some people in this world however, refuses to accept the idea that they cannot achieve ant dreams they have. A person like this may decide to be a doctor even when their teacher says that her grade are not good enough to pass. A person like this will study very hard and would also study to intensely that she will do whatever she needs to do to achieve good grades. People like this are sometimes the people who changes the world around them, Instead of letting the world tell them what they can and cannot do.These people pursue their dreams and try to make the world fit their dreams. So by doing this they can make their own reality. People who refuse to accept a limit to their dreams can have the power to change the world. Many famous inventors in history did not listen to people around them who said â€Å"give it up† or â€Å"it won't work†. The famous Wrights Brothers were one of the many to deny these people and follow their dreams. As a result, they helped changed the world and now many people fly around the world because of them. They made a huge impact in the world and has change history.Not all people refuse to listen to others and follow their dreams are good. Of course the Wright Brothers and world famous scientists like Albert Einstein can be seen as positive impact because of the inventions they have created to help the world, but there are many others such as Bin Laden who peruses his dreams to hurt the world. He was probably been told various of times that he will not be able to beat The United States of America and change the world. He has refused to listen to these people and has gone on to fight a war.In contrast, both Bin Laden and Einstein have unrealistic view of life and both have dreams that they want to pursue. The only difference is that one is positive while the other is negative. In conclusion for most people, it is important to have a realistic view of life since they risk unhappiness if they do not succeed. There are a few people for whom a realistic view of life is not needed since they believe they can change the world through their actions. Hopefully people will change the world for the better and not worse.

Democracy and Bureaucrary Are Incompatible, Discuss Using...

DEMOCRACY AND BUREAUCRARY ARE INCOMPATIBLE, DISCUSS USING ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES. The relationship between democracy and bureaucracy has generated much debate amongst scholars. Democracy is defined as a political system which supplies regular constitutional opportunities for changing the governing officials and the social mechanism which permits the largest possible part of the population to influence major decisions by choosing among political contenders for political office. Abraham Lincoln as cited in Haralambos and Holborn (1995) defines democracy as the government of the people by the people and for the people. Bureaucracy is defined by Schaefer (2003) as a component of formal organisation in which rules and hierarchal ranking are†¦show more content†¦Therefore, bureaucracy is not compatible with democracy in such governments where the wishes of the people do not take paramount importance. It can be argued that organisation or bureaucracy is death knell of democracy and hence not compatible. Moreso, direct participation by large number of people in the running of an organisation is in practice impossible. Apart from the practical difficulties of assembling thousands of people, direct involvement in decision making will be more cumbersome and time consuming that nothing will get done. Since direct democracy is impractical, it can only be replaced by a form of some representative system, whereby delegates represent the mass and carry out its will. Hurd et al (1991) laments that these political elected leaders want to amass wealth at the expense of the people, just because of their positions. Leaders at the highest authority of the bureaucracy can appoint other leaders on basis of ethnic background, nepotism and favour hence the wishes of the people wont be respected because the leaders would be representing their own selfish needs. As a result, bureaucracy can not be co mpatible with democracy if the wishes of the majority are ignored. The only thing they will do is to come back with feedback and alerting the mass on their course of action in the future. For example the president went to represent Zimbabwe to the UN summit recently and told the Zimbabwe’s story without prior

Intellectual Property in The US - 736 Words

Intellectual Property Intellectual property is an incredibly complicated facet of the law. In the United States, we have many laws in place to control and limit profiting from others intellectual property. The issue is not only profiting from others intellectual property, but not purchasing the property from the originator as well. We will discuss why it is important to protect this property as well as why it is tremendously difficult to regulate all these safe guards. â€Å"Intellectual Property has the shelf life of a banana.† Bill Gates Why Protect Intellectual Property â€Å"Protecting your intellectual property is crucial to your business.† (Hinson, 2014) When business have intellectual property that is going to be popular or helpful in†¦show more content†¦(Patents, 2014) Copyrights â€Å"A copyright provides protection for original works of authorship, fixed in a tangible medium of expression including literary, musical, and dramatic works, as well as photographs, audio and visual recordings, software, and other intellectual works.† (Hinson, 2014) Copyrights are often the most difficult intellectual property to protect. The internet has become such an important tool for business and commerce. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to enforce laws that are broken via the internet. Many times piracy is the biggest issue of copyright infringement that involves intellectual property. Trademarks â€Å"A trademark protects the name of your product by preventing other business from selling a product under the same name.† (Hinson, 2014) Trademarks are incredibly important to business and especially corporations that produce many products that can be mimicked easily. A service mark falls under trademarks. A service mark is used when a business offers services rather than products. 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